Tuesday, December 31, 2019

Is Violence in Pursuit of Happiness Justified Essay example

How are the people, oppressed by others and by the government, supposed to react? Certainly, they do not enjoy being treated unjustly, however, they should still obey the laws. Is it to the laws of the land that command total submission or to his convictions by which he is convinced that the system is totally unjust? Therefore, how should citizens defend their liberties, without using violence or disobeying the law, if they think it’s unjust? If an individual obeys the law, he would automatically be thought of supporting the unjust system but in case he does not, he would be accused of disobeying the law. There are various controversies about whether violence is justified when liberty is threatened. Throughout history, people have had†¦show more content†¦Consequently, he who moulds public sentiment goes deeper than he who enacts statutes or pronounces decisions,† Abraham Lincoln. Therefore, the attention of the population and the government must be drawn to wi n their sympathy and guide the country towards justice. However, during the 19th and 20th centuries, in the United States, many changes were to take place in order to meet justice. Common problems like, slavery, racism and oppression caused various controversies about how the black population should react to these different types of injustice. People like Malcolm X and Martin Luther King fought for vindication of natural rights of African Americans. Martin Luther King and Malcolm X both participate in civil disobedience acts, such as protests against slavery althought they had somewhat different orientations on protesting. The King claimed that passifism is useless and would only create more injustice coming from the government and violence should not take place during protests, because violence never brings any benefit, but only scares the citizens and loses its authority from the government. So he supports the non-violence movements. On the contrary, Malcolm X suggests that if blacks are treated unjustly, they should react like any normal intelligent human beings would do--fight back. To say the least thus, the common question whether one must obey the laws is increasingly imortant during the periods of unjustShow MoreRelatedEssay on Utilitarianism742 Words   |  3 PagesUtilitarianism states that when a moral dilemma arises, one should take action that causes favorable results or reduces less favorable results. If these les s favorable results, or pain, occur from this action, it can be justified if it is produced to prevent more pain or produce happiness. Stating the Utilitarian view can summarize these basic principles: the greatest good for the greatest number. Utilitarians are to believe that if they follow this philosophy, that no matter what action they take,Read MoreCurfews Dont Work812 Words   |  4 PagesCurfews Strict rules create rebellious teens. Many people think that curfews are a fundamental way to keeping teens out of trouble, but this is not the case. Curfews are neither applicable, justified, nor are they a way to diminish criminal activities committed by adolescents. Curfews are ultimately useless because there are too many reasons that contradict why a curfew would work. Curfew advocates may argue that it is important to monitor your child and have them follow a strict schedule, butRead MoreCivil Disobedience Essay1372 Words   |  6 Pagesthe god-given rights which are entitled to every person. A law which allows freedom for some but not for others, on the basis of sex, sexual orientation, religious beliefs non-beliefs, race, age, etc is an unjust law. Civil disobedience is justified when its goal is to obtain equal rights and service for everyone, without causing physical damage to people and their property, and without breaking the just laws that are already enforced. Furthermore it should only be practiced when the governmentRead MoreThe Laws Should And Should Not Be Place1676 Words   |  7 PagesNatural Law Theory. Aquinas defines law as â€Å"nothing else than an ordinance of reason for the common good, made by him who has care of the community and promulgated† (Aquinas in Dimock, ed., 2002, p.4). In other words, law must have an end in pursuit of eternal happiness, must be for the common good of all, must be created by an official lawmaker, and must be publicized and well known by it’s followers. Aquinas evidently displays that all just laws should be followed. He justifies and reasons his findingsRead MoreJust Walk On By Black Men And Public Space By Brent Staples1433 Words   |  6 Pagesadministration. In case the government denies people these privileges, those who are being ruled should overthrow or alienate themselves from this regime. The Great Britain has broken the law by attempting to take away these rights, and the colonists are justified in dividing themselves from the Brits. In the story, there is a powerful message about racial stereotypes and social variations. Staples character was not any close to qualifying him as a street thug or a person involved in petty crime. HoweverRead MoreThe Historical Period of Enlightenment741 Words   |  3 Pagescitizens of the country. His argument was based upon three components: earthly beings do not have the right to final judgment of others, that there is no one true religion that can be universally accepted because you cannot create belief through violence, and thirdly that trying to enforce a universal religion would only breed further discord among minority populations. The government of the United States was set up as a Democratic Republic, or representative democracy. Locke was, of course, notRead MoreThe Second Amendment And The Civil War Essay1355 Words   |  6 Pagespoint it at a crowd of people and hold down the trigger until enough people are dead. We live in a world of little background checks. We live in a world where people value the second amendment over the natural right of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; that were taken away from everybody shot. We live in a world where 20 six year olds can get killed and people tell us to not politicize it. We live in a cycle of shooting, grief, no coverage repeat. America is behind in the need to ban assaultRead MoreThe Legacy Of The Civil War Essay1471 Words   |  6 Pagesfaced with the challenge of uniting a fractured nation, war-torn, weary, and directionless. For all the guff Lincoln gave about preserving the union, he did a terrible job. Yes, we are physically one nation, but do minion under continual threat of violence is precisely what our forefathers fought against in the Revolution. If I had been president, this would never have been an issue. The South would have left quietly and peacefully, as I believe self-determination is paramount to a free society. OfRead MoreThe Trailer For Kill Bill1552 Words   |  7 Pagesaverage movie trailer involving action and violence, the perpetrators of these violent acts are the female characters, instead of the male characters. The protagonist is on a path of retribution against the assassins who crashed her wedding and attempted to kill her, but despite the fact that there is a male member of the Deadly Viper Assassination Squad, the trailer only shows her fighting against other female characters. Most contemporary films portray violence to be a male dominated characteristicRead MoreGuts, Glory, Greatness: Inspiring Stories1280 Words   |  5 Pagessome great contributors during the Civil Rights Movement time that doesn’t mean that he is like all great persons because the Texas Western basketball coach is not like M alcolm X because he does not chose to use violence even when provoked unlike Malcolm X who has no problem with violence being used to achieve a common goal. Although many people may believe that Martin Luther King Jr.’s non-violent leadership style is not as effective as a violent leadership style, but King accomplished numerous

Monday, December 23, 2019

The Mother Of The Novel Frankenstein By Mary Shelley

Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, the mother of the novel Frankenstein, was born on August 30, 1797 in London, England, child of Mary Wollstonecraft and William Godwin. Wollstonecraft wrote about the struggle of women and promoted women’s rights, while Godwin wrote pieces that aimed toward achieving a philosophical goal. Mary Shelley was unfortunately only to really experience literary expertise through her father, for her mother died due to puerperal fever early within one month of giving birth to Shelley. Seeing as a single father would not suffice for raising a child, Godwin remarried another woman by the name of Mrs.Clairmont. Shelley felt nearly abandoned by her father, forced to spend time with a stepmother that clearly disliked her since she was not her own child. Mrs.Clairmont, on the other hand, would be greatly jealous of the way houseguests would praise and be in awe of Godwin and his equally as intelligent daughter, so she encouraged her to extensive labor around the ho use. It seems that the tension between Shelley and her stepmother and the beaten relationship between Mary and Godwin can be transcended into the relationship between Victor Frankenstein and his creation; both exhibiting a battered relationship, though one more than the other. Godwin, being an amazing intellectual being, taught Mary himself rather than her attending a formal institution. Godwin knew the potential of his daughter, and he pushed her to be a successful writer like both ofShow MoreRelatedFrankenstein, By Mary Shelley1650 Words   |  7 Pagesbook of Frankenstein does one just think of a mythical science fiction book that really has no meaning? Frankenstein can have numerous meanings depending on how a person perceives it. Frankenstein can be analyzed into many themes; some say religion, feminism, or scientific symbolization, it all depends on ones own perception. When one analyzes further into Mary Shelly’s life and then interprets the novel it is obvious that i s a sociological theme. One can simply assume that Mary Shelley creates FrankensteinRead MoreMary Shelley1066 Words   |  5 PagesMary Shelley was born on August 30, 1797, becoming a distinguished, though often neglected, literary figure during the Romanticism Era. Mary was the only child of Mary Wollstonecraft, a famous feminist, but after her birth, Wollstonecraft passed away (Harris). Similar to Mary’s book Frankenstein, both her and Victor’s mothers die when they are at a very young age. Mary’s father was William Godwin, an English philosopher who also wrote novels that would inspire Mary in the late years of her life (Holmes)Read MoreThe Guilt Of The Death Of Others By Mary Shelley1307 Words   |  6 Pagescharacters in her writings. Mary Shelley’s guilt is significant to the guilt of her characters because they are created by her. Through them she is able to express her own guilt for the death of others. The characters inside Mary Shelley s writi ngs have losses and gains similar to her own. In her writings, Shelley would take a theme that was evident in her own life and apply them to her writings. â€Å"Mary Shelley, in her second novel [Valperga] as well as in her first [Frankenstein], is interested in takingRead More Look at the significance of chapter five to the novel as a whole.1126 Words   |  5 Pagesof chapter five to the novel as a whole. Focus on the relevance and effect of the writer’s language to describe setting, character and what it shows about social and historical influences. Frankenstein is a Victorian novel written in the gothic genre. It is about a man, Victor Frankenstein, giving life to an inanimate being and abandoning it. The monster then seeks revenge and the love of what he believes to be his mother, Frankenstein. The author, Mary Shelley, wrote the book at theRead MoreMary Shelley Is The Author Of The Famed Novel Frankenstein.1495 Words   |  6 PagesMary Shelley is the author of the famed novel Frankenstein. The era in which Frankenstein was published happened to be one where religion was followed in more of a strict manner than today’s society follows. The monster in the novel was viewed as an abomination not only in its existence, but even as an idea. Although the novel was released unanimously, it was critiqued mostly from a religious standpoint. Critiques gave reviews saying that it was unintellectual work that was not worth the time itRead More Essay on the Influence of Mary Shelley’s Life on Frankenstein927 Words   |  4 PagesInfluence of Mary Shelley’s Life on Frankenstein      Ã‚  Ã‚  Since its publication in 1818, Mary Shelleys Frankenstein has grown to become a name associated with horror and science fiction. To fully understand the importance and origin of this novel, we must look at both the tragedies of Mary Shelleys background and her own origins. Only then can we begin to examine what the icon Frankenstein has become in todays society.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mary Godwin was born in London in 1797 to prominent philosopherRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 1601 Words   |  7 Pagesthe substance itself.†(Mary Shelley) An author’s personal story and background has an immense impact on literature and culture. It affects the style of the writing and ultimately the topics and themes they write about. The novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley is an exceptional example of how a person’s experiences influence literature and culture. Frankenstein tells the story of Victor, his monstrous creation, and the consequences both he and the monster had to live through. Mary Shelley’s traumatic earlyRead MoreTeagan Mcguire. Mrs. Massey. English 3/ 1 Period. 10 April2017.1378 Words   |  6 Pages2017 Mary Shelley Mary Shelley is a great famous writer that many people look up to. Her writing touched many people across the world and is still touching people today. Most people know of her through the great work of Frankenstein, Mary Shelley was a great woman that inspired many in today’s society and whose success as a young writer is unprecedented. Mary Shelley was born August 30, 1797 Somers Town, London, United Kingdom (Johnson). Her mother died ten days after her birth. Mary neverRead MoreMary Shelley s Frankenstein : Fact Or Fiction911 Words   |  4 PagesMary Shelley’s Frankenstein: Fact or Fiction When we all write, we are somehow influenced by the events in our own life. Whether it be experiences we have encountered, events, people, or desires; all are entangled with the pleasurable and not so pleasurable. Some believe Mary Shelley’s novel, Frankenstein, was written to show the painful life she endured. She presents a novel about Victor Frankenstein, a man who creates a living creature only to be horrified by him. Shelley’s personal fearsRead MoreFrankenstein Essay1176 Words   |  5 PagesMany people know that Mary Shelley, the author of Frankenstein, was part of a family of famed Romantic era writers. Her mother, Mary Wollstonecraft, was one of the first leaders of the feminist movement, her father, William Godwin, was a famous social philosopher, and her husband, Percy Shelley, was one of the leading Romantic poets of the time (Frankenstein: Mary Shelley Biography.). What most people do not know, however, is that Mary Shelley dealt with issues of a bandonment her whole life and

Sunday, December 15, 2019

Listening And Writing In Esol Planning And Teaching Education Essay Free Essays

string(127) " of each of the four strands so that there is some calculated attending to spelling but this attending does non go inordinate\." Talking, listening, reading and composing are considered to be reciprocally mutualist upon one another in linguistic communication acquisition. Although talking coherently and clearly is by and large recognised as the most of import end for 2nd linguistic communication ( L2 ) talkers, peculiarly ESOL talkers ( Murphy 1991:52 ) , competency in reading and composing finish a scholar ‘s proficiency in L2. Speaking and hearing may be described as the major accomplishment countries of interpersonal communicating ( Murphy 1991: 52 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Listening And Writing In Esol Planning And Teaching Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Whether through synergistic or teacher-instruction, the hearing accomplishment will find how scholars develop eloquence and competency in the linguistic communication being learnt ( Nation and Newton 2009 ; Ellis 2003 ) . Listening is cardinal in linguistic communication acquisition because it non merely aids competency in speech production, but besides in reading. Ellis ( 2003 ) has noted that research workers and instructors have their ain purposes in prosecuting hearing as a linguistic communication accomplishment. For research workers, listening provides agencies for look intoing scholars ‘ ability to treat specific lingual characteristics ( Ellis 2003: 37 ) . In position of this, he suggests that focused undertakings can be devised by ‘seeding ‘ the input with the targeted characteristic and planing the undertaking in such a manner that the merchandise result can merely be achieved if the scholars are successful in treating the targeted characteristic. Therefore, listening undertakings provide an first-class agencies for mensurating whether scholars have acquired the characteristic in inquiry. On the other manus, listening accomplishments can be devised to ease the acquisition o f the targeted characteristic ( Ellis 2003: 37 ) . This essay discusses how the four linguistic communication accomplishments of hearing, reading, speech production and composing are mutualist in assisting a scholar achieve competency in larning English as a 2nd linguistic communication. As we already know, synergistic linguistic communication larning depends a batch on listening and talking accomplishments ( Ellis 2003 ) . However, a good balanced linguistic communication class which consists of four approximately equal strands of learning/instruction in the linguistic communication schoolroom ( Nation and Newton 2009 ) , known as meaning-focused input, meaning-focused end product, language-focused acquisition, and eloquence development, conveying out the common dependence of the four linguistic communication accomplishments. The four strands methodological analysis as described by Nation and Newton ( 2009:1 ) may be summarised as follows: larning though meaning-focused input, that is, larning through hearing and reading where the learners’attention is on the thoughts and messages conveyed by the linguistic communication larning through meaning-focused end product, that is, larning through speech production and composing where the learners’attention is on conveying thoughts and messages to another individual larning through deliberate attending to linguistic communication points and linguistic communication characteristics, that is, larning through direct vocabulary survey, grammar exercisings and account, through attending discourse characteristics and consider acquisition and pattern of linguistic communication acquisition and linguistic communication usage schemes, and larning through developing fluid usage of known linguistic communication points and characteristics over the four accomplishments of hearing, speech production, reading and composing Second linguistic communication acquisition shows that suitably focussed attending to linguistic communication points can do a really positive part to acquisition ( Doughty 2003 ; Doughty A ; Williams, 1998 ; Ellis 2005 ) . A well-planned linguistic communication class has an appropriate balance of these four strands. Through these four strands the scholars achieve the learning ends of a linguistic communication class, viz. fluid control of sounds, spelling, vocabulary, grammar and discourse characteristics of linguistic communication, so that they can be used to pass on efficaciously. A justification of the four strands is the time-on-task rule, that is, learning-to-read by reading or learning-to-write by composing ( Nation A ; Newton 2009:2 ) . The more clip one spends making something, the better they are likely to make it. Those who read a batch, for case, are better readers ( Cunningham A ; Stanovich 1991 ) , and those who write a batch normally become better writes. The grounds for the four strands draws on a big and turning organic structure of research into the functions of input, end product and focussed direction on L2 acquisition and on development of speech production and reading eloquence ( Nation A ; Newton 2009:3 ) . Meaning-focused input: acquisition through hearing and reading The meaning-focused input strand involves larning through hearing and reading, that is utilizing linguistic communication receptively. It is called ‘meaning-focused ‘ because in all the work done in this strand, the scholars ‘ chief focal point and involvement should be on understanding, and deriving cognition or enjoyment or both from what they listen to and read. Typical activities in this strand include extended reading, shared reading, listening to narratives, watching Television or movies, and being a hearer in a conversation ( see Hinkel 2006 ) . Meaning-focused end product larning Meaning-focused end product involves the scholars bring forthing linguistic communication through speech production and composing were the scholars ‘ focal point is on others understanding the message ( Nation A ; Newton 2009 ) . It occurs when scholars write essays, and assignments, when they write letters, dairies, direct electronic mail and text messages to each other and when they write about their experience. As spelling is peculiarly of import in authorship, holding to compose can do scholars cognizant of the spreads in their spelling cognition ( Nation 2009:18 ) . Writing activities that can assist with spelling are copying, delayed copying, read and compose from memory, command, the assorted signifiers of guided authorship, composing with the aid of a dictionary and free authorship. Language-focused acquisition Language-focused acquisition has many names ; concentrate on signifier, form-focused direction, deliberate survey and consider instruction or acquisition as opposed to acquisition, or knowing acquisition ( Nation A ; Newton 2009:7 ) . It involves calculated acquisition of linguistic communication characteristics such as pronunciation, spelling, vocabulary, grammar and discourse. A assortment of activities may be used, such as pronunciation pattern, utilizing permutation tabular arraies and drills, larning vocabulary from word cards and intensive reading. Other activities may be interlingual rendition, memorizing duologues an acquiring feedback about authorship. There are legion techniques for giving calculated attending to spelling, for illustration. . The critical factor is doing certain that there is an appropriate balance of each of the four strands so that there is some calculated attending to spelling but this attending does non go inordinate. You read "Listening And Writing In Esol Planning And Teaching Education Essay" in category "Essay examples" Deliberate attending can include a figure of activities such as screen and recover, utilizing analogies, utilizing word parts, articulating the word the manner it is spelled and visualizing. There is need to look at each of these techniques: Cover and Retrieve The scholar writes a list of hard to spell words down the left-hand side of the page ( state 2009:19 ) . The first missive or two of each word is written following to it, for illustration: yacht Y happening O The words are studied and so covered and each word is written from memory utilizing the first missive hint. The first missive is written once more so that the activity can be repeated. yacht yacht Y Using analogies Working with the instructor or in little groups, the scholars think of known words that portion similar spelling characteristics to words that they have trouble in spelling. For illustration, if larning to spell ‘apply ‘ , the scholars think of the known words ‘reply ‘ , ‘supply ‘ which are words with similar spelling characteristics and sound ( Nation 2009:19 ) . Using word parts Word parts may be helpful in pulling attending to word constructing units. This may be peculiarly utile with progress scholars. For illustration, the word ‘separate ‘ contains the root ‘par ‘ which is besides in ‘part ‘ . Therefore, the spelling is ‘separate ‘ non ‘seperate ‘ . Pronouncing the word the manner it is spelled Teaching spelling is one of the great challenges of linguistic communication instruction. As a guideline, Nation ( 2009 ) encourages that students may be encouraged to intentionally misspeak a word like ‘yacht ‘ /yaect/ as a sort of mnemonic for spelling. Learners may besides be encouraged to look at a word, close their eyes and seek to ‘see ‘ the spelling of the word in their head. This is what is called ‘visualising ‘ a word. The instance for incorporating linguistic communication acquisition accomplishments Although a big figure of traditional methods of linguistic communication larning continue to be utile, current surveies encourage incorporating linguistic communication accomplishments in the linguistic communication schoolroom. For case, learning reading can be easy tied to instruction on authorship and vocabulary, and unwritten accomplishments lend themselves to learning pronunciation, listening and cross-cultural linguistic communication interaction ( Hinkel 2001 ; Lazaraton 2001 ; McCarthy A ; O’keeffe 2004 ) . Task-based instruction of L2 accomplishments has built-in chances for more accurate and complex utilizations of linguistic communication ( Ellis 2003 ) . For illustration, narrations and description undertakings in fluency-focused instruction, arguments and problem-solving undertakings promote increased grammatical and lexical complexness in learner linguistic communication. Through these undertakings a significant betterment in the sum of spoken discourse and in grammatical, lexical and articulative competency is enhanced. English linguistic communication has become more internationalised, and hence, instruction of accomplishments such as pronunciation has shifted from aiming native-like speech patterns to aiming intelligibility ( Tarone 2005 ) . In this respect, instruction has to turn to issues of segmental lucidity, that is, the articulation of specific sounds, word emphasis and inflection and the length and timing of intermissions. The current attack to learning pronunciation is by and large based on three principled standards. First, pronunciation and modulation are taught in context and in concurrence with specific accomplishments. Second, direction in pronunciation serves broader communicative intents, and eventually but non least, the instruction of pronunciation and modulation is based on realistic instead than idealistic linguistic communication theoretical accounts ( Chun 2002 ) . The 1980s saw a displacement from the position of L2 listening every bit preponderantly lingual to a schema-based position, and listening teaching method moved off from its focal point on the lingual to the activation of scholars ‘ top-down cognition ( Hinkel 2006:9 ) . Emphasis now, is on the incorporate instruction of listening for communicating and in concurrence with other L2 accomplishments such as speech production, socio-pragmatics, grammar and vocabulary. The lingual and schema-driven strands of learning listening have found a niche in current incorporate attacks, such as task-based or content-based direction ( Snow 2005 ) . The design of listening pattern, for case, can integrate a figure of characteristics that make the development of L2 listening abilities relevant and realistic. Listen-and-do undertakings, for illustration, stand for a flexible beginning of listening input for get downing o intermediate scholars. The content of undertakings can be easy controlled in respect to their lingual and conventional variables, such as frequent happenings of mark syntactic and lexical constructions in the context of meaning-focused undertaking ( Ellis 2003 ) . This is done in countries of grammar buildings, words and phrases or colloquial expressions.Recent research has shed a great trade O visible radiation on the procedures and acquisition of L2 reading. As in hearing, L2 reading involves both top-down and bottom-up cognitive processing. Eskey ( 1988:95 ) suggests that the strongly top-down prejudice neglected scholars weak Aress of lingual processing. the bottom-up processing of reading involves a wide array of distinguishable subskills, such as word acknowledgment, spelling and phonological processing, morpho syntactic parsing and lexical acknowledgment ( Eskey 2005 ) . The reader needs to garner ocular information from the written text, place the significance of words, and so travel frontward to the processing of the construction and significance of lager syntactic units, such as phrases or sentences. Ocular processing of words and letters represents a cognitively complex undertaking ( Koda 1999 ; Chikmatsu 1996 ; Shimron A ; Savon 1994 ) . Readers whose L1 writing systems are markedly diffrent from the that of L2 may be slowed down in their reading procedure by the demand to achieve fluid L2 word acknowledgment before geting text-processing accomplishments. The findings of L2 reading research on the cardinal function of bottom-up processing, word acknowledgment eloquence, and the acknowledgment of the morphophonemic constructi on of words and phrases have led to substantial displacements in reading and literacy direction to immature and big L2 scholars likewise. As an illustration, in 1999, the National Literacy Strategy in the UK introduced work on phonics, word acknowledgment, and in writing cognition primo to sentence and text degrees of direction ( Hinkel 2006:13 ) . In teacher instruction, current methodological analysis text editions reflect the alteration in positions on learning L2 reading, literacy and authorship. Most influential L2 instruction and larning publications have seen the demand to include at least a chapter on the instruction of bottom-up reading accomplishments normally followed by direction in top-down and strategic reading ( Celce-Murcia 2001 ; Carter A ; Nunan 2001 ; Mckay 1993 ; Nunan 1999, 2003 ; Wallace 1993 ) . How to cite Listening And Writing In Esol Planning And Teaching Education Essay, Essay examples

Saturday, December 7, 2019

Intersectionality in International Airline Cultures †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Intersectionality in International Airline Cultures. Answer: Introduction: British Airways PLC is the company which is established in 1974 under the British Overseas Airways Corporation, BEA and the related organizations. This company is privatized in the year 1987. They have their major subsidiaries which include the BA City Flyer which provides services in the UK and continental Europe and Open Skies which have the service from Paris and New York City. It is all started from the year 1924 where the four companies were collaborated together to develop Imperial Airways Ltd (Abratt, Russell, and Michela Mingione 129-139) which is considered as one of the pioneers of the international travel routes. It is also seen that three other airlines has developed in 1936 and it is integrated to develop BA for handling the domestic and the northern European flights. In the year 1938 the government has decided to get collaborated with Imperial Airways and BA. This results in the development of BOAC and formed in 1939. BA in this current era is trying to focus and provide the services to each and every corners of the world. Firstly when it was started it has been serving only the premium customers or the regular airline customers. With the fierce completion to be taken place within the airline industry and the development of many low cost airline companies operating in UK as well in the global market, the company is trying to focus on the mainstream or the low cost customers who are not the elite customers. So there is a shift from one customer profile to another in this era of operations for BA to be taken place. Description of three quality dimensions of British Airways It is very much important that quality service is the basic and the most important priority which is taken into consideration in this airline industry. There is the need of providing an improved and high quality services to the customers so that they can compete with the low cost airlines developing their mark and penetrating quite quickly within the airline industry. So it is obvious that for the improved quality, the service quality needs t be measured at a constant basis. There are three dimensions on which the service quality will be measured. The three quality dimensions which are taken into account are proposed below Technical Quality- The technical quality is related with the technical functionalities and the operations of how BA has been focusing on making the technical side strong enough to provide high quality and effective services to the customers. BA is primarily focusing on the development and continuous up gradation of the CRM technology which they found it effective for their technical loopholes to be eliminated from the operations (He, Hong-Wei and John MT Balmer 72-90). BA is competing in this market with the other airline operators through rolling out the CRM. This CRM software is useful in supporting the marketing activities of BA in order to engage the customers more with BA and for making the operations to be improved. BA tries to run their commercial and marketing activities through one platform by which the decision making process for BA could be improved. Functional Quality-This is basically the way the service is provided it to the customers. The functional quality involves the services like the high satisfaction, investment to be made on the functional quality is basically for the organizations where the technical quality is quite same among the competitors. BA is currently providing the best customer experience with the implementation of the text and mobile services given on board for the business class customers. They have been conducting the programs like the Customer First in order to provide them the best experience and the satisfaction for the customers. BA has also been introducing their own featured films by which they could be able to provide top quality customer experience. With the featured films and their high presence in the social media, they can be able to get engaged or reconnected with the customers. Corporate Image-This is the dimension which is affecting the services given by any organizations. So this is the dimension which is required to measure. The corporate image of BA could be improved and sustained by providing innovative ads to reach out to the various customers and other people in the society (Karami, Azhdar 46-64). It is also seen that there is the development of the campaign TV ad which as featured in the social networking sites like in Facebook and it is also shown as the premiere on Channel 4. The sales funnel for British Airways is basically the marketing campaigns and the film they have launched in order to engage with their customers as well with their staffs. The launch of the campaigns in the social media helps in reengaging the customers and the development of the CRM technology is the basic sales funnel for BA (Cornelissen, Joep and Joep Cornelissen p. 36) Explain the main differences between low cost customers and the regular airline customers The differences between the low cost customers and the regular airline customers are depicted below Aspects Regular Airline Customers Low Cost Customers Service Quality The regular airline customers get top class service quality. The low cost customers do not get the best of the services Costs of Flights The regular airline customers have higher income level so they do not involve in negotiation. The low cost customers have to negotiate with the cost. Facilities The regular airline customers always get the best and wide range of facilities. The low cost customers need t be satisfied only with the basic facilities to be provided to them. Level of Comfort The level of comfort is good The level of comfort is bad. Ways of acquiring right customers for BA There are various ways by which BA has been acquiring the right customers for them. The acquiring of right customers indicates that knowing the right brand. So BA has taken a giant leap in knowing in depth and they also act on the information they get real time for them. They are using iPads as well the looking up the pictures of the passengers on Google Images. BA is also providing their staffs the devices for seeking the right customers. BA has been launched a system Know Me which provides the single view of every customer and their histories with the airline which is basically accessed by the on board staffs in flights as well in the airports (Biraghi, Silvia and Rossella Chiara Gambetti 260-283). BA also gathers all the different information of their customers through the effective use of website, call centers, emails, on board flights and from inside the airports. When it comes to the adoption of best practices I think that the CRM software and the innovation in technology in this current ear of competitiveness within the airline industry have been useful for customer relationship management. From the reviews of the customers observed, I would try to increase the security for the business class customers. I would also love to enhance the food and beverage services on boards and the cleanliness is an important factor in providing satisfaction to the customers. I will make the flights very much cleaned and well equipped so that I can be able to provide high quality customer satisfaction. From the reviews of the staffs observed, I would like to make the changes in the shifts of the staffs. The working culture is not so good and I would like to make the culture much more friendly and fun loving. References Mills, Albert J. "Man/Aging Subjectivity, Silencing Diversity: Organizational Imagery in the Airline Industry. The Case of British Airways?."Insights and Research on the Study of Gender and Intersectionality in International Airline Cultures. Emerald Publishing Limited, 2017. 367-392. Cornelissen, Joep, and Joep P. Cornelissen.Corporate communication: A guide to theory and practice. Sage, 2017. Tckhakaia, Ekaterina, Ignazio Cabras, and Sergio Assis Rodrigues. "Knowledge management in airline industry: Case study from the British airways."International Conference e-Society. 2015. Karami, Azhdar. "Corporate strategy: evidence from British Airways plc."The Changing Patterns of Human Resource Management. Routledge, 2017. 46-64. Abratt, Russell, and Michela Mingione. "Corporate identity, strategy and change." Journal of Brand Management 24.2 (2017): 129-139. Hanlon, Annmarie. "British Airways: a case study in social media management."The Business Management Collection(2017). He, Hong-Wei, and John MT Balmer. "Alliance Brands: Building Corporate Brands through Strategic Alliances?."Advances in Corporate Branding. Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2017. 72-90. Biraghi, Silvia, and Rossella Chiara Gambetti. "Corporate branding: Where are we? A systematic communication-based inquiry."Journal of Marketing Communications21.4 (2015): 260-283. Hill, Nigel, and John Brierley.How to measure customer satisfaction. Routledge, 2017.

Friday, November 29, 2019

BUS Quiz free essay sample

The code or principles of conduct that a person accepts can be distinguished from the persons morality in a broader sense that includes his or her values, ideals, and aspirations. Correct Answer: or her values, ideals, and aspirations. Question 5 Morality and self-interest can sometimes conflict. Question 6 Choose the statement that gives the most accurate description of etiquette: Answer etiquette refers to a special code of social behavior or courtesy Correct Answer: etiquette refers to a special code of social behavior or courtesy Question 7Philosophical discussion of moral issues typically involves the revision and modification of arguments. Question 8 A proper perspective of religion and morality is its not true that morality must be based on religion Question 9 O out of 5 points Incorrect Accepting a moral principle is a purely intellectual act like accepting a scientific hypothesis. Correct Answer: generally involves a desire to follow that principle for its own sake. We will write a custom essay sample on BUS Quiz or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Question 10 How did Aristotle view morality? Its necessary for us to try to be virtuous or excellent human beings. Correct Answer:Its necessary for us to try to be virtuous or excellent human beings. Question 1 1 The divine command theory implies that God forbids stealing because stealing is wrong. Stealing is wrong only because God commands us not to steal. Question 12 Which of the following is not one of the four basic kinds of law? Answer contractual law Question 13 If an argument is valid, then its conclusion must be true, if its premises are. Question 14 Good moral Judgments should be logical and based on facts and acceptable moral principles. Question 15 The authors use the murder of Kitty Geneses to illustrate bystander apathy.

Monday, November 25, 2019

8 Ways to Increase Your Confidence at Work

8 Ways to Increase Your Confidence at Work Think about the most successful people you know. Chances are, the common thread is confidence. Successful people believe in themselves and that confidence helps them to keep on succeeding and succeeding- which, in turn, makes them more confident! Feel left out of the confidence club? Don’t fear. But don’t do nothing either. You can and should induct yourself into the secret society of self-satisfaction. Here are 8 easy ways to do just that.1. Know yourselfTake a good hard look at yourself, first and foremost. Confidence is usually earned, and confident people are just as aware of their shortcomings as they are of their strengths. Get to know your selling points and the areas where you might need work. Do a thorough self-assessment.2. Don’t be a pushoverIt’s important to say â€Å"no† from time to time. Practice saying â€Å"no,† when prudent, and make sure to make your refusals clear. A simple â€Å"No, sorry† is worth a million  "I’m just not sure†¦Ã¢â‚¬ s, and will make both you and the favor-asker feel less stressed and more secure.3. Get in good with the bossIf you have a good relationship with your boss, great. If not, try to strategize how you might repair the relationship and start over on a better foot. Otherwise, the stress will be a huge drain on your energy and your self-esteem, both in the office and at home.4. Set a bunch of smaller goalsConfident people are always winning, even in small increments. Challenge yourself constantly and, more often than not, you’ll succeed. Celebrate these small victories both because you deserve to and because you’ll get into the habit of succeeding. Before you know it, you’ll be used to winning too.5. Get a mentorA good mentor can help you advance in the course of your career, making small corrections to steer you straight. They’ll tell you where you’re coming up short, but they’ll also give you a pat on the b ack when you deserve it. And pats on the back build confidence!6. Work outSeriously. Exercise creates endorphins. It also makes you feel more capable emotionally, socially, and professionally. If you can work out regularly and push yourself, you’ll feel like you can translate those skills out of the gym and into your work.7. Play dress upPeople are judgmental. They do pay attention to how we present ourselves physically. Try dressing a bit smarter, but make sure to choose clothing that reflects you and your style. Be neat and tidy and make the extra effort. The compliments alone will boost your confidence.8. Don’t be a jerkIt’s important to be assertive, but make sure not to overcompensate with aggression. This means keeping your insecurities in check. Once you learn this delicate balancing act, you’ll be well-equipped to wield your new confident self with ease.

Friday, November 22, 2019

Analyze Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Analyze - Assignment Example In this regard, it becomes less expensive to settle sovereign debt and penetrate integrated financial markets (Figge, 2010). Similarly, currency unions also help to promote trade liberalization because of the uniformity in the exchange values. For instance, during global inflationary periods, countries worst hit do not suffer from financial losses when trading with their partners (Figge, 2010). However, challenges also occur due to currency unions, sovereign debts and integrated financial markets. For example, there is the loss of an independent monetary policy, which affects the moderation of demand stocks and curbing of inflation rates (Figge, 2010). This implies that a country may be unable to execute monetary policies during inflation because it might affect international trade. It is apparent that introducing other monetary policies might involve the formation of a central bank to oversee the process. Another disadvantage is that currency unions may have a negative influence on developing countries when making investment decisions (Figge, 2010). This is because it limits the budget of the developing countries that cannot raise the required funds to initiate investments in the developed economies. The evolution of money involves the development of a medium of exchange unit during transactions. The first transaction was barter trade, which entails trading goods and services for other similar commodities. This implies that one would exchange his goods with other goods he needs or suits his wants. One of the cons of this system is that it enabled people to get what they wanted easily. This is because the two parties would agree on the commodities to exchange without problems (Davies & Julian Hodge Bank, 2002). Alternatively, it faced the problem of double coincidence of requirements in which one party had to fulfill the wants of the other. For instance, a person who had goats and wanted grains would not do

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 19

Business Ethics - Essay Example She is told that it is harmless and owing to her lack of knowledge, she doubts that the hospital management is right in saying so. She cannot jeopardize her job on the basis of a doubt! Let’s analyze the matter with the utilitarian theory of ethics. The utilitarian theory of ethics says that any action whose consequences are good is justified. By reporting the company’s matter to her friend, Deborah would never be able to achieve a favorable result. Everybody in the management would suspect her to have leaked out the news and would take severe action against her in addition to firing her from the job. Besides, if she tells her friend, it would create a bad image of the hospital in the public eye. Hence, by leaking out this information, Deborah would never be able to do the ultimate good. She might suspect that this would at least save the life of the community, but she needs scientific knowledge to be sure enough! So the utilitarian theory of ethics suggests that Debora h should drop her plans of leaking this information. The reasonable limit of loyalty to one’s employer is the very state of doubt that Deborah is in. â€Å"†¦acts should be classified as morally right or wrong only if the consequences are of such significance that a person would wish to see the agent compelled, not merely persuaded and exhorted, to act in the preferred manner† (â€Å"Utilitarian ethics†). Once she is sure that the hospital’s waste dumping act has lethal implications upon the environment, she may break her loyalty with the hospital. By doing so, she may jeopardize her job, but this world is about much more than just earning money. She would sacrifice her job this way, but will be rewarded for her noble act and sacrifice by God Almighty. Certainly, things would have been different had Deborah been in a position of greater authority. A potential reason why the managers are not taking her seriously is the fact that she is nothing more than a

Monday, November 18, 2019

Art History writing assignment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Art History writing assignment - Research Paper Example Each individual is looking to load his or her pockets with money while most of rich folks traded their character, soul and honor with wealth. In the past, artists’ belly was empty but his or her soul was full of life. But, the demon of technology recently transformed the traditional art and science of painting into a mechanized practice. The modern artists are shamelessly working towards attainment of economies of scale by producing paintings and artworks in bulk. Furthermore, the contemporary filmmakers are engaged in joining several parts of the existing works in order to develop a new one. The true nature and feel of human emotions is withering away from the cinema and the meaningless glamour and sexuality is replacing the everlasting messages of human emotions. The key message of Benjamin’s work stated that humans have lost their basic and fundamental attribute that made them humans. The artist attempted to communicate his frustration and emotional agony by arguing that the humans of the modern world will become incapable of practicing and demonstrating compensation and love (Benjamin pp.230). The society of the so-called 21st century is a living instance of Benjamin’s predictions. Additionally, the humans have learned the method of evaluating close relations on an economic basis. The mothers and fathers are fighting with their children, as they do not financially participate in covering up the expenses. The being analyzed work discussed degrading human involvement in the field of arts and then, it extrapolated that lack of artistry in humans simply mean s that they are not living an internal and cognitive life that is the elementary essence of human existence. The work entitled â€Å"Blessed Art Thou Among Women† on the other hand, depicted an important and bitter reality of human community that is a breaking bond of love and affection that is known to exist between mother and her child. The historical love of parent and offspring was highlighted in the form of a painting so that people should and must understand the value of human relations (Kasebier, Blessed Art Thou Among Women). Nevertheless, the works of both abovementioned legendary artists did not have any significant and notable impact on the course of human evolution that is going into the deep and dark pit of individualism. The growing individualism in all parts and regions of the world is going to make all humans alone. In the near future, people are going to live and die in loneliness because they will never have true human relations and feelings. All of the divine religions emphasized on human relations and few technological geeks are going to take humanity away from th e golden and heavenly rules. Historically, people lived in joint families and had a habit and tradition of practicing concern about their neighborhoods. The life was rich and people were more than happy in arranging parties and festivals at weekends. The professionals were punctual about observing office timings and job turnover rate was also low because there was a sense of family in workplaces of that era. The rape cases were recorded rarely. The sons and daughter did cry on the sad occasion of their parents’ departure from this world. The movies and artworks of the period promoted the notion of peace and tranquility. Based on the

Saturday, November 16, 2019

The Boollywood Actor Shah Rukh Khan Film Studies Essay

The Boollywood Actor Shah Rukh Khan Film Studies Essay Success of My Name Is Khan: My Name Is Khan was not only big hit in India but also proved to be biggest bollywood opening in many foreign countries. Movie showed biggest Shah Rukh opening in India as well as in biggest weekend opening in United Kingdom and United States of America. Movie was directed by director and friend of Shah Rukh Khan, Karan Johar and actress in lead role was Kajol. Shah Rukh Khan and Kajol have given many big hits movies to bollywood which earned in country as well as in foreign countries. Such heroics were not on Shah Rukhs mind when he started preparing for the role of Rizvan, a character who turns into a Forrest Gumpian folk hero while journeying across the States and attempts to make America see the errors of stereotyping Islam. Rizvans journey takes him from the 30,000-strong town of Banville in California to the 204-strong village of Wilhelmina in Georgia. For the character of Rizwan Khan, Shah Rukh Khan prepared himself by reading the various books, wat ching documentaries and he also met two youngsters who were suffering from Aspergers Syndrome and recorded himself in the character and watching himself on screen in his bathroom-cum-video projection room, and even followed a man with the disorder around San Francisco for two days. He learned well and there was no stardom in role and it was a role of simple guy who have even trouble in looking people in the eye. His character was much alike a penguin and it was completely different from his previous movie he has ever done in his career. The character he played, Rizvan Khan was a cosmetics-salesman-cum-repairman who suffers from Aspergers Syndrome and his life changes dramatically after 9/11 attack. He proved himself once again with playing such a character that he is really King Khan of Bollywood. His movie My Name Is Khan was a big success worldwide because of the role he played so well. on nationalism: Shah Rukh Khan has always got the pride in the secular nation as well as a good Muslim. Shah Rukh Khan follows his religion with cosmopolitan ease but it is certainly one of the reasons that he is embraced so warmly in the Middle East, Indonesia and Malaysia. Comment which Shah Rukh Khan had made taking side of Pakistani player that should have been selected for the Indian Premier League made big issue and it was not easy for him to tackle with it. He was out of the city with his wife Gauri Khan during the first protest in the Mumbai while his mother in law was at home with his children and also his sister was at home so he was very worried about them and got too emotional. Saamna editorial asked him to go to Karachi and Islamabad to play cricket with the Pakistanis to Uddhav Thackeray comparing him to Ajmal Kasab when he said, Kasab and Shah Rukh are the most secure people in Mumbai. Shah Rukh Khan did not bend his knees in front of Shiv Sena and country accepted him by making his movie a big hit of the year. Karan Johar was happy with the fact Shah Rukh Khan tackled the conditions which was a heroic act taken by him in real life standing against people who were trying to prove him wrong while he had not done anything wrong. About Shah Rukh Khan: Shah Rukh Khan is star icon of bollywood and the richest as well. He is the star in todays date who can make a movie success only because with his name. He is having maximum millions of the fans across the world. He had started his film debut with movie Deewana in year 1992 and after that he never looked behind and emerged a big star with his movies earning good profits. He had started his career on television with serials in late 1980s. He is not only popular among Indian audience but his movies also earn a good amount in foreign countries as well. Shah Rukh Khan is at age of 44 now and working in bollywood from about last two decades. He has won thirteen film fare awards for his quality work in Indian movies out of which seven are in the best actor category which shows his quality of acting. Some of his movies are biggest hits of bollywood like Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge, Kuch Kuch Hota Hai, Chak De India, Om Shanti Om and Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi while some of t he movies like Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham, Kal Ho Naa Ho, Veer-Zaara and Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna have been top-grossing Indian productions abroad which made him most successful actor of India. He started film production and television presentation in year 2000. He is founder and owner of two production companies Dreamz Unlimited and Red Chillies Entertainment which are continuously active in various entertainment activities. Other than acting he has produced many movies as well like Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani, Asoka, Chalte Chalte, Main Hoon Na, Kaal, Paheli, Om Shanti Om, Billu and currently producing Ra. 1. He is also a playback singer as he has sung song in various movies. His journey is still continues as bollywoods most successful star and he is still aiming to go much far in his career. He is real star icon and his name is Khan.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Overestimation of the Placebo Effect :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Overestimation of the Placebo Effect The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether the Placebo Effect is overestimated through misinterpretation of the data. Specifically, the objective is to explore whether the passage of time during clinical trials accounts for many results widely attributed to the placebo effect. That is, the passage of time in itself-through a combination of spontaneous changes in symptoms, regression effects, and homeostatic changes-produces most of the favorable results credited to the placebo. Despite its widespread acceptance for approximately fifty years, the Placebo Effect has recently become controversial, with several researchers claiming that the presumed benefits of placebos are overestimated. Dr. Asbjorn Hrobjartsson and Dr. Peter C. Gotzsche of the University of Denmark and the Nordic Cochran Center reviewed journal articles looking for the original research stating that 35% of patients improve if given a placebo. Interestingly, none of the papers they examined included original research on the placebo effect, but all cited the same reference. The original source was a 1955 article, "The Powerful Placebo," published in the Journal of the American Medical Association and written by Henry Beecher, chief of anesthesiology at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston. Dr. Beecher had analyzed about a dozen studies and had come up with the 35% figure (1). Challenging the validity of this finding, Drs. Hrobjartsson and Gotzsche hypothesized that two important factors were ignored. First, that the natural course of many diseases is to wax and wane. Second, that a patient who feels terrible one day will almost certainly feel better the next day. Hrobjartsson and Gotzsche analyzed 114 studies conducted between 1946 and 1998 that used not the usual two, but three groups of patients. One group received appropriate medical treatment, one group received placebo treatment, and the third group received nothing. (The studies involved 7,500 patients with 40 different medical conditions, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, asthma, behavior disorders, such addictions as alcohol abuse and smoking, and such neurological diseases as Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, epilepsy, as well as bacterial infections and the common cold (5). As Hrobjartsson and Gotzsche predicted, the patients in this third group improved as often as the patients in the placebo group (1). Carol Hart (2) cites Shapiro and Shapiro, who offer possible confounds that lead to overestimation of the placebo effect. Observations of the third control group-the group with neither treatment, nor placebo-may have improved because of three mechanisms.

Monday, November 11, 2019

Original Writing – Prose: A day in the life of Lauryn-Emily Jones!

I woke up feeling worried about the day before me, The other staff members had warned me that Thursday was always the worst day but refused to tell me why. Since Monday I had been working in the oncology outpatients department of the city hospital and so far had dealt with all the different emotions adequately. It was hard work not because of the jobs I had to do but because seeing people in and out everyday either recently being told they had cancer or having suffered for years they were still sad when they got bad news and happy when they got good so all the emotions were mixed up. When I walked in on Thursday morning just before nine as I had for the past three days things looked normal. The walls which had been freshly painted were looking bright and fresh and all the staff still looked happy and were smiling so I hoped it was going to be a good day. I went behind reception and there was nothing to do so I stood and watched the people. Most were quite old but all had someone with them for support. I wished silently that everyone that day would get good news but I knew deep down that it was not going to happen and I felt a slight pain in my heart for all the people sitting there, Who were not lucky enough to be seen by some of the best doctors in the world. The disease that was slowly killing could be cured in some cases but it also had lots of side effects to go with it including hair loss, feeling sick at most times, plus the risk of killing too many good cells while killing the bad ones and being in great pain a lot of the time. As I stood thinking about all these things something suddenly popped into my head, What about all the people that did get better? These people included my own Nan who had suffered with throat cancer for a long time but was now cured? This is the proof that these treatments although terrible did work and that even if someone is diagnosed with cancer things can get better. I carried on looking around when a little girl who I later found out was only four came running in, She seemed to know her way around the department and as I looked I realized she did not have very much hair and then I saw her mother. She was a feeble looking woman in a wheel chair; Her husband was pushing her along as she was too weak to do it herself. I decided to talk to this wonderful family and found out the mother had been diagnosed with cancer not long after the doctors told her their daughter had a brain tumour and without a lot of operations and radiotherapy would not live very long and if she did she would be very weak for a lot of her life so may not enjoy it as much as she could. I watched the girl. She was very small and thin and she had tiny patches of hair on her head where the chemotherapy and radiotherapy had made it fall out. Her mother said she had a cancer which they could not specify because it was a mixture of two and she had to have more tests until they could find out. The little girl continued to run around and say hello everyone always keeping a massive smile on her face! This made me smile and I noticed that her father was a very strong man who obviously loved them very much. They soon had to go as the little girl had to have some more radiotherapy. As soon as they went I decided to see what I could find out about radiotherapy. I was told that if a child has to have radiotherapy they get fitted for a mask which fits right over their face, head and neck this is then sent to be made into plastic mask. When the mask is sent back and the child is ready for the radiotherapy, because they can not stay still enough the mask is put over their face with only two little holes for breathing as eye holes are too dangerous. The mask is bolted tightly to the table to stop the child moving because the equipment they use is just a small laser. Unlike chemotherapy it can only be used on the affected part of the body to kill the cells and not on other parts of the body as it kills too many cells and can be very harmful. I stood and thought about this for a minute and wondered whether I would be able to cope with this and how that lively, amazing little girl could cope with it and was told by the lady who does the radiotherapy that most of the time patients have to be put to sleep because they get too distressed by the mask. This thought frightened me and once again I thought how lucky I was to be a normal, healthy 15 year old girl. I found that being in radiotherapy was too distressing and decided to go back up to oncology but when I walked in straight away everything was different, the atmosphere had changed while I was away and I could feel it. I carried on in through the doors and as soon as I got round the corner I realized the whole of the oncology department was full of young men! To any other teenage girl this would be wonderful but to me it was scary. I turned to look and saw a young man no older than 22 sitting in a wheel chair and when it came to going to have his blood taken needed help to get up because he was so weak due to the all the treatment and the disease. I went back behind reception and carried on looking around when I was startled by a lad who slammed his arm down on the desk he looked at me and I noticed he was about the same age as me and he did not look very happy, he had another lad with him who I guessed was for moral support they both smiled at me but the smile was small and not very positive. I decided to go and sit with the lads to see if they would talk to me. I explained what I was doing and they were ok to talk to me. The lad who's name was Rikki told me he was 15 and had been diagnosed with teratoma cancer when he was just 13 and had recently had an operation to try and get rid of it after chemotherapy failed. The other lad who was there was his best mate Ashley, he had been there through everything and they were very close. He said today he had come in to find out whether they had got rid of the cancer or not but was told the chances were small, he gave me a glance his eyes looked sad but I could tell there was a glimmer of hope in there but as he explained he didn't want to get too excited for just in case the news was not good. He said he had to stay for a while because he also had to have blood tests and that he would come and see me before he went. I looked at the time and realized I had missed nearly half of my lunch! Although it was raining I wanted to go and sit outside in the fresh air so I could think and I had a chance to clear my head, I watched the people walk in and out and made the decision I would take each day as it comes because I never know what is around the corner, I also decided I would keep very busy after lunch so I could not think about it to much as deep down I was very distressed and was finding it very hard. When I had finished my lunch I went back in to find the waiting area not so packed but was still full of young men waiting to see the doctor. I went to find one of the nurses to talk to and came across Zoi, she had been in the oncology department for 2 years but was leaving soon as she wanted to finish training as a nurse because she never had the chance to do the things she had wanted. We talked about all the people and my feelings; she said the best way to deal with it is to just pretend that everyone was going to be cured and to think myself lucky it was not me. It sounded like a good idea and she also told me Audrey my supervisor wanted to see me at 3 o'clock. We went back to reception and I was asked to do some filing and pulling. This meant taking people's notes and putting them back on the shelves and getting the lists for the next week and pulling all the files for that which is hard because sometimes they are not there so I have to go to other places around the hospital. Once again when I was reading through the lists thinking about whether I had seen any of the sets of notes I was startled by a hand slamming down on the desk but this time when I looked up I saw a smiling face! It was Rikki again but this time he had the kind of smile I knew no one was going to get rid of! I asked him what the doctor said and in the most wonderful happy voice I have ever heard he said â€Å"It's gone! † I smiled at him and he carried on jumping around laughing and then proceeded to try and get me to go to the pub with him to celebrate. We chatted for a little while then I realized I had to get on with my jobs so he gave me one more very happy smile and walked off. Even with his back to me I knew he was going to be smiling for a very long time and it was going to take a lot to get rid of that smile!

Saturday, November 9, 2019

EZOP Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers, Research Papers

EZOP Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers, Research Papers EZOP EZOP Ezop zvan jako Aispos byl eck vyprav a tvrce klasickch bajek. Narodil se pravdpodobn jako otrok thrckho nebo fryskho pvodu. Po proputn z otroctv hodn cestoval. Procestoval ecko, Babylonii a Egypt. Nkter zdroje uvdj e byl po cel ivot velmi nemocn. Podle povsti byl Ezop kiv obalovn ze svatokrdee a v Delfch odsouzen k smrti. dajn byl shozen ze skly do propasti. Ezop je tvrcem starovkch eckch bajek, krtkch epicko didaktickch tvar. Jde o pbhy se strunm djem, v nich vystupuj perzonifikovan bytosti z hmyzho, zvecho i rostlinnho svta. Alegoricky zastupuj vlastnosti a jednn lid. asto se objevuj i skuten lid a postavy boh. Dialog dv bajkm spd a na konci dochz k didaktickmu pouen. Napklad: O silnm lvu My snm Vlk v roue bernm O pynm orlu O chytr lice Zajc a elva O lvu a myi O lice a vrn Sv bajky pednel Ezop stn. Teprve ve 3. stolet ped n.l. byly jeho bajky psemn zaznamenny a pozdji zpracovny v mskm prosted do verovan podoby: Demtrios, Falern a Phaedrus, kter je autorem latinskho verovanho textu. LEV A MY Jedna my vyruila lva ze spnku a ten j za to chtl zabt a serat. Myka ho zaala prosit, aby j nezabjel, e se mu nkdy odvd pomoc z nesnz. Lev se zaal smt, jak by mohla mal my pomoci z nebezpe lvovi mocnmu a silnmu, ale nakonec my propustil na svobodu. Zanedlouho pili lovci a chytili lva do st. Lev se svjel v stch, ale pak k nmu pibhla mal my, rozkousala st a lva zachrnila. Lev j byl velice vdn a zjistil e i mal vci mohou lovku pomoci. Ponauen: I slab me pomoci silnmu. HAVRAN A HAD Havran neml co jst, a tu uvidl hada spt na kameni. Snesl se k nmu a chytil ho do zobku. Had se kroutil a nakonec havrana utkl. Ne havran zemel uvdomil si e kdy si ulovil hada, ulovil si i netst. Ponauen: Toto se hod na lovka, kterho nalezen pokladu pivede do nebezpe ivota. HAVRAN A LIKA Jeden havran ukradl kus slaniny a odletl s nm na vtev stromu. Lika uctila vni slaniny a dostala na nj chu. Vymyslela tedy na havrana lest a zaala mu lichotit jak m krsn hlas a e by ho chtla slyet zpvat. Havran byl pyn, jak mu lika lichot, otevel zobk a chtla zat zpvat, ale jakmile svj ed zobk otevel, upustil slaninu a ta spadla lice rovnou do tlamy. Ponauen: Bajka se hod na nerozumnho lovka. KOMR A BK Komr se posadil bkovi na roh a sedl tam velmi dlouhou dobu. Kdy chtl odlett, zeptal se bka, jestli mu nebude vadit, kdy u odlet pry. Bk mu odpovdl: Ale vdy j jsem ani nevdl, kdy jsi piel, ani nepoznm, a odejde. Ponauen: Tuto bajku bylo mono pout na bezvznamnho lovka, kter nen kodliv ani uiten svou ptomnost, nebo neptomnost. LEV A LIKA Lev zestrl a byl tak slab, e si nedovedl opatit potravu silou. Rozhodl se na to jt chytrost. Zalezl do jeskyn a pedstral, e je nemocn. Zvata, kter jej pichzela navtvit je seral. Jedin lika poznala jeho lstivost a to dky zvecm stopm, kter vedly dovnit, ale ne ven. Ponauen: Rozumn lid se vyhnou nebezpe, protoe je podle rznch znmek pedvdaj. NETOPR A LASIKY Bajka vyprv o netoprovi, kter spadl na zem a chytila ho lasika a chtla jej serat, protoe jejich pirozenost je vlit se vemi ptky. Kdy ji netopr pesvdil, e nen ptk, ale my pustila jej. Pozdji, kdy znovu spadl, chytila ho jin lasika, kter byla neptelkyn naopak my. Tentokrte se netopr vymluvil, e nen my nbr ptk a i podruh byl proputn a zachrnil si ivot. Ponauen: I my nesmme bt stle stejn a musme se umt pizpsobit okolnostem a tm uniknout i nejvtmu nebezpe. ZAJCI A LIKY Kdy zajci vedli vlku proti orlm, zvali liky, aby se staly jejich spojenci. Liky ale odmtly, pomohly by jim, kdyby nevdly kdo zajci jsou a s km vl. Ponauen: Bajka ukazuje, e ti, kte se rdi poutj do sporu s mocnjmi, nedbaj na svou bezpenost. OSEL A MEZEK Osel a mezek li spolu. Kdy osel vidl, e maj oba stejn nklad, zaal si stovat, e nen spravedliv, aby mezek dostval vce jdla a aby se o nj osla staral lpe ne o osla. Kdy uli kus cesty, viml si osla e osel cel nklad neunese, a tak dal kus jeho nkladu na

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

buy custom Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation essay

buy custom Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation essay Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a medical condition that results to a serious disorder in an individual blood when the proteins that control blood clotting become abnormally active. This process results to a person developing small blood clots inside every blood vessel throughout the body; these small clots will eventually use up the coagulation proteins and platelets that are substances responsible for blood clotting will not be able to operate sufficiently. Thus disrupting the normal process of blood clotting incase there is bleeding from the skin thus resulting to excessive bleeding (Armola, 2007). These small blood clots most likely affects the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract and surgical wounds it also affects the normal flow of blood to organs such as the liver, heart, brain amongst others thus resulting to malfunction of an individuals body (Dressler, 2004).This condition can be rapid or even slow and chronic depending on the patients medical conditio n but once a patient is suffering from this condition there are high chances of the patient developing multiple organ failures and death may eventually occur. This condition is responsible for a variety of medical conditions including Ischemia, Thrombosis, and Excessive Bleeding (Dressler, 2004). Ischemia is a condition where the an individual becomes thinner and thinner because for the patients body organs dont get enough supply of blood this is as a result ofthe blocked blood vessels as a result of the small clots inside their blood vessels; thus making it impossible for the blood to flow in its normal order into the vital body organs thus making a patient possess anemia like symptoms. Thrombosis is also another medical condition that is characterized with the clotting of blood in the vessels, thus resulting to the obstruction of the flow of blood throughout the circulatory system even if the body tissue isnt injured the blood will clot while inside the blood vessel and in consequence resulting to the blocking of the blood vessels (Armola, 2007). The condition is also responsible of excess bleeding this is as a result of the bursting of the blood vessels as a result of the pressure from the clotting and in some case it is the case of a cut the blood platelet and proteins will not be in a position of clotting in order to stop the bleeding thus resulting to excessive bleeding of an individual. Causes and the treatments Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) There are several factors that are considered as the main contributors of these conditions in an individual they include cancers of the lungs, pancreas, and stomach and even prostrate cancer viral infections and Acute Myeloid Leukemia (APML) also results to the disorder. Another cause iincludes the cases of massive tissue injuries like Trauma, Burns and Extensive Surgeries. Infections also play a significant factor in one developing the disorder infections like malaria, Gramnegative sepsis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Histoplasmosis amongst other infections results to the condition. Miscellaneous conditions like Shock, Stroke, Snake Bites and Liver Diseases are also contributors of this condition. The notable symptoms of this condition includes haemorrhage this is where an individual will be acutely ill and experience constant bleed in body openings like the mouth, nose, ears that bleed constantly with no indication of the blood clotting leading to excess blood loss. Other sign for the disorder will be Extensive Bruises and Renal Failures. A patient that is diagnosed with the acute or mild cases of hemorrhage is subjected to treatment after identifying the individuals condition and from the identification of the cause of the condition a patient is subjected to the relevant treatment; thus in cases of mild cases of no bleeding a patient is subjected to fresh frozen plasma will be administered in an individuals blood stream in order to replenish the blood clotting (Dressler, 2004). While in the case of severe cases of hemorrhage the patient is subjected increased numbers of platelets in his blood stream this is in order to help in the clotting of the blood in the cases of a cut or open wounds. Buy custom Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation essay

Monday, November 4, 2019

Business costs Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business costs - Assignment Example For example, a firm always prefer to produce any unit of output who’s per unit marginal revenue exceeds the marginal cost of the unit. By doing so, the firm would gain more revenue by selling that unit. On the other hand, if the marginal cost of a unit of output is more than its marginal revenue; in that case, the firm avoids producing that unit. If the firm produces such unit, it would incur loss rather than profit on the unit. 2- What do you understand by the term economies of scale? Reductions in per unit cost resulting from increase in market size and increase in firm are called as economies of scale. Any unit cost reduction that occurs when a firm increase its production base or aggregately, the market in which that firm is producing its units, increase. Over that period of time; globally as well as locally, the firms and the markets are increasing. This increase in both is mostly contributed by the latest means of technology, which are mostly used nowadays in the process of production. For example, previously much work was carried out manually as a result, a sufficient amount of resources were consumed. Thanks to machinsation and computerisation that have sufficiently added in the process of economies of scale. ... enue- totally equalling with the total costs- or in total units of production, the cost of produced units offsets the revenue obtained by the sale of units. Some reasons may justify a company keep producing units even it is making loss. First, the loss, occurred by the break-even point or near to that point, most of time doesn’t last for a considerable period of time. The company may be experiencing a seasonal variation in the demand of a particular unit. As soon as that period of seasonal variation in demand ends, the company again observes profits- revenue exceeding costs. 4- What market power may large firms enjoy? How and why may a government seek to limit this? Market power is associated with the behaviour of a firm and the way firms affect competitive conditions and prices in a market (Bourdet, 1991). The way a firm adopts its supply of goods and services production mechanism and its aggregate strategy towards its prices determines its market power. For example, if a fir m has 70 percent market shares in the sale of a particular commodity. Under this condition, it would not be incorrect to say that the firm has sufficient market power to affect and control the prices of that commodity. A government via legislation can restrict to limit the market power of the firm. By enacting a particular legislation and implementing it, the government would become in a position to limit the firm’s market power. The main reason for limiting the market power of the firm is to allow the competitive market conditions. The competitive market conditions benefit producers and the consumers as it would protect consumers who would pay higher costs if the firm limit the required level of commodities in market. 5- Consumer gain as much from small business as from large ones. Analyse

Saturday, November 2, 2019

Agility Business Evaluation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Agility Business Evaluation - Research Paper Example The research brings forth the seriousness of research on the possibility of generating returns or dividends from the Agility Company. To accomplish the objective, financial statement analysis is used. The analysis entails the use of ratios. The ratios will indicate the relationship between tow financial statement variables. The ratios include the liquidity ratios, profitability ratios, and leverage ratios. The research includes the use of trend analysis forecasting tool to predict the future profitability of investing in the Agility Company (Daft 615). The profitability ratios indicate the Agility Company’s capacity to generate enough revenues in one accounting period needed to pay for its current expenses and costs of the same accounting period (Daft 615). The gross_profit margin_ratio was arrived at by dividing the company’s annual gross_profit by the company’s annual total_revenues. The ratio indicates the relationship between the company’s gross profit and the company’s net revenues. Table 1 shows that the company’s gross_profit margin_ratio for 2010 (0.323) is unfavorably lower than the company’s 2009 gross_profit margin_ratio, 0.389. Table 1 shows that the company’s gross_profit margin_ratio for 2011 (0.307) is unfavorably lower than the company’s 2010 gross_profit margin_ratio. Table 1 shows that the company’s gross_profit margin_ratio for 2012 (0.286) is unfavorably less than the company’s 2011 gross_profit margin_ratio (Agility, 2014). Further, the net_profit margin_ratio was arrived at by dividing the company’s net_profit by the company’s total_revenues (Agility, 2014). Table 1 shows that the company’s net_profit margin_ratio for 2010 (0.016) is unfavorably less than the company’s 2009 net_profit margin_ratio, 0.097. Table 1 shows that the company’s net_profit margin_ratio for 2011 (0.0.026) is favorably highe than the company’s 2010 net_profit margin_ratio. Table 1 shows that the company’s net_profit

Thursday, October 31, 2019

Introduction of research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Introduction of - Research Paper Example The paper is going to examine and discuss the function of aniline substituents by looking into the intensities of SERS of different anilines in gold and silver colloids by utilizing a Raman spectrometer which has a 785 nm excitation wavelength. The Chemical Enhancement factors of the Surface Enhanced Raman and detection limits for aniline and its mono- and di-substituted meta derivatives are established and comparisons made. The inductive impacts of withdrawal of electrons as a result of substituents and the steric needs of chemical adsorption influence the strength of signals of different vibrational modes of the aromatic ring and amino group. By utilizing the transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the level of improvement is also linked to the ways of setting up the silver and gold colloids, which are characterized by exploring the structural morphology of the nanoparticle and its level of aggregation. Introduction: What is Raman Effect? Raman scattering or Raman Effect is the ine lastic scattering of photons from an atom or a molecule (Sur, 2010). It was discovered by a well known Indian physicist C V Raman in the year 1928. Generally, most photons are elastically scattered from an atom or a molecule, with the scattered photons having the same energy and wavelength as the incident photons (Sur, 2010). This phenomenon is known as ‘Rayleigh scattering’ and it accounts for the blue color of the sky (Sur, 2010). There is however a difference in frequency between the scattered photons and the incident photons. This physicist discovered the Raman Effect as he was working on the molecular diffraction of light and observed this effect in liquid. The Other Russian scientists Gregory Landsberg and Leonid Mandelstam first observed this effect in crystals (Sur, 2010). Raman won the Nobel Prize in 1930 for his work on inelastic scattering of photons. The history of SERS SERS was discovered accidentally in 1974 as people attempted to perform Raman on the elec trode with an original idea of generating a high surface area on that extremely roughened metal. With time, people realized that the surface area was not the fundamental point on this arena. Periodical searches were made in the dark, which led to progress in 1977 when different groups found out that the rough silver electrode can produce a Raman spectrum that is a million fold more intense than what was expected (Ferraro, 1994). The huge signal confirmed surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). SERS have recently overcome the disadvantage of the small cross section of Raman spectroscopy completely, and therefore can be utilized to study the single molecule spectroscopy (Ferraro, 1994). Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has experienced renaissance recently in its development as a result of the remarkable discovery of single molecule SERS (SMSERS). This has also led to the explosion of interest in nanophotonics and plasmonics (Dieringer, 2005). Since excitation of the locali zed surface Plasmon resonance (LSPR) of a nanostructured surface or nanoparticle Is centered at the heart of SERS, it is vital to have in control all of the factors influencing the LSPR with an aim to maximize signal strength and ensure reproducibility (Dieringer, 2005)

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Enjoyable Theatrical Experience Essay Example for Free

Enjoyable Theatrical Experience Essay An Inspector Calls was written by J. B Priestley in 1945. The play is set in 1912. In England this was a time of strikes, riots and poverty. The play was partly written by Priestley to highlight a number of very important issues in our lives, which include social class, capitalist and social attitude to life, equality, prejudice, wealth, poverty, rights and responsibilities. It is for this reason that the play may be described as an effective piece of social criticism. It criticises the way in which some people live and think, as well as make us question what is right and what is wrong. The play is a very enjoyable theatrical experience as it is full of excitement, suspense, tension and dramatic irony. In this offer my own opinions and support these with evidence, quotations and examples. It is important to understand what the terms capitalist and socialist mean. Capitalists are people who have power and money. They show their status and wealth. They only care about themselves and dont care anybody else. Socialists are people who care about everybody not just themselves. They are unselfish and believe in welfare of others. Above all Priestley uses one of the main characters, Inspector Goole as a strong mouthpiece to represent his own values, morals and beliefs and sends this message to his audience. The message is that people should not be split into different classes or treated differently as all people are off equal importance and have rights and responsibilities, regardless of the amount of money that they have. Priestley uses Inspector Goole to convey this message, stating in act three, page 56 that:- We are responsible of each other. And I tell you that the time will soon come when, if men will not learn this lesson, then they will be taught it in fire and blood and anguish. This is exactly what happened because in 1914, two years after the play was set, First World War started, this was the result of assassination of Austro-Hungarian heir to throne in Sarajevo by a Serbian student. Income tax doubled to pay for the war which was costing i 1million daily. Priestley wants the world to be full of peace, love and forgiveness. Priestley shows that the Birling family are capitalists and have great wealth in a number of ways. For example their house is described as The dining-room of a fairly large suburban house, belonging to a prosperous manufacturer. It has good solid furniture of the period. The general effect is substantial and heavily comfortable, but not Cosy and homelike. This is evidenced in act one, page 1 at the start of the play. They also have a made called Edna. This shows that they belong to a wealthy family and they can afford a maid.

Sunday, October 27, 2019

Mineral Resource in Ecofriendly Invertebrate Powder

Mineral Resource in Ecofriendly Invertebrate Powder A SEARCH OF BIO MACRO AND MICRO MINERAL RESOURCE IN ECOFRIENDLY INVERTEBRATE POWDER: Eudrilus eugeniae J. Anitha, R. Selvakumar  and Indira A. Jayraaj Abstract Quantification of macro and micro nutrients from earthworm (Eudrilus eugeniae) was aimed and successfully elucidated in the present study. Macro minerals like calcium, magnesium, phosphorous, potassium, nitrogen and sodium and micro or trace elements like iron, selenium, zinc, copper, sulphur, Nickel, Chromium and molybdenum was assayed using colorimeter, Micro-Kjeldahl method, flame photometer, EDTA Titrimetric method and specifically atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). From the study, it is evident that the earthworm powder of E. eugeniae is a rich source of macrominerals (Calcium and Magnesium) and trace elements (Iron and selenium) together with notable quantities of other important elements, indicating that this earthworm contain potentially useful quantities of many nutrients that are critical to the health of the humans and animals who consume them. Keywords: AAS, Earthworm powder, Eudrilus eugeniae, Metals, Macro minerals. Introduction Metals are nutrients in soil are absorbed by plants, transferred to animals and men by food chains, and finally return to the soil. Earthworms are found virtually worldwide and live in almost any type of soil that contains the right amounts of moisture and organic particles and of various sizes and colors [1]. It has dense nutritional content because of their soil based origin [2]. The earthworm is a widely used Chinese herbal medicine [3]. Although Wallace [4;5] reported more than 100 years ago the inclusion of earthworms in diets of Amerindian tribal) populations little is known about the nutritive value of those edible invertebrates [6]. Extracting medicinal compounds from the earthworm has traditionally been practiced by indigenous people throughout the world, more particularly in Asia [7]. Previous earthworm studies have shown its antimicrobial [3] hepatoprotective [4], anticancer [8] and scar wound healing characteristics [9]. The anti-inflammatory activity together with antiox idant properties seems to be due to the high polyphenolic content in earthworm tissue [10]. Moreover, crude earthworm extract has a thrombolytic effect that could significantly promote blood circulation to remove stasis [11]. Minerals are the nutrients that exist in the body, and are as essential as our need for oxygen to sustain life. Minerals are also found in organic and inorganic combinations in food. It plays a vital role for all mental and physical processes including for total well being. They are most important factors in maintaining all physiological processes, are constituents of the teeth, bones, tissues, blood, muscle, and nerve cells [12]. Therefore, since the drive of animal farmers worldwide is to source for cheaper means of nutritive dietary supplement which may replace fishmeal wholly or partly in animal diet and also supply micro and macro-nutrients [13]. Considering the above facts the present study was aimed to quantify macro and micro or trace mineral profile of earthworm species Eudrilus eugeniae. Materials and methods Collection of earthworm The earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae was collected from Aarthi farms, Kondegoundanpalayam village, Pollachi Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu, India. The collected species were cultured under optimal conditions in compost yard at Kongunadu Arts and Science College Premises, Coimbatore 641 029, Tamil Nadu, India, for further use. Processing of earthworm The earthworms were washed with running tap water to remove any dirt from body surface. The earthworms were kept in 0.5% NaCl at room temperature for 1-2h with few changes of solution until their digestive systems were clean. Cleaned earthworms are taken and dried at 65-800C in forced draught, stainless-steel lined ovens. Ground the samples completely to a particle size of less than 1mm, and mixed thoroughly before a sub sample of suitable size is stored for analysis. Store the samples in a clearly labelled, airtight, glass or polycarbonate containers to prevent samples from contamination. Storage at room temperature is sufficient, but long term storage of reference material requires freezing. Re-dry the samples at 650C for 12 hours prior to weighing for heavy metal analysis. Digestion of earthworm Weigh 0.5 1 g sample accurately into acid washed 250 ml digest tubes. Add 6 10 ml concentrated HNO3, swirl to mix sample and acid. Place tubes onto a Tecator 40 system, or similar set at 1000C for 2 hours. Reduce the total volume to 1 ml. The sample solution becomes thick slurry. Remove samples from digestion block; allow cooling and diluting to 10 or 20 ml with deionized water. Allow samples to settle (minimum 2 hours, preferably overnight), and filter through Whatman No. 40 filter paper or centrifuge at 6000 rpm for 15 minutes. Run at least two digest blanks with samples. The schematic representation of analytical procedure of minerals is given in figure1. Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the micro and macro nutrient analytical procedure Method of mineral analysis The processed earthworm powder was subjected to quantification of macro minerals (calcium, magnesium, phosphorous, potassium, nitrogen and sodium) and micro or trace elements (iron, selenium, zinc, copper, sulphur, nickel, chromium and molybdenum) using the methods of Jackson [14] for spectrophotometer (Perkin elmer Lamada EZ201), flame photometer (Cole-Parmer, 500731), EDTA Titrimetric and specifically atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Hitachi Z9000) [15;16]. Results The selected earthworm species, E. eugeniae was successfully converted into powdered and subjected to mineral analysis in that six macro minerals namely calcium, magnesium, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and sodium and eight trace elements like iron selenium, zinc, copper, sulphur, nickel, chromium and molybdenum was noticed and are depicted in table 1 and 2. Table 1: Macrominerals content in EWP (E. eugeniae) Table 2: Microminerals or trace elements content in EWP (E. eugeniae) The trend observed in macrominerals of E. eugeniae contained a higher concentration of calcium (0.75%) which is followed by magnesium (0.66%), phosphorous (0.36%), potassium (0.33%), nitrogen (0.29%) and sodium (0.19%) respectively. Among the trace elements, iron (1.73%) was found to be maximum followed by selenium (0.96%). Apart from these two micro elements the traces of zinc (0.50%), copper (0.43%), sulphur (0.22%), nickel (0.14%), chromium (0.10%) and molybdenum (0.02%) was also noticed. Discussion Now a day’s importance of minerals is clinical known and these minerals are inorganic chemical elements not attached to a carbon atom.There is a distinction between minerals and trace minerals. If the body requires more than 100 milligrams then that substance is labelled as a mineral. If the cellular body requires less than this, it is labelled a trace mineral. Trace minerals are generally needed in quantities of only a few milligrams (mg) or micrograms ( µg) per day. The higher content of calcium in E. eugenia suggests that this species of earthworm probably has a higher capacity of storage of calcium in its tissues as suggested by the presence of calcium gland in it [17]. The earthworms also contain nutritionally significant amounts of calcium, which would be important for pregnant or lactating women, young children at risk of calcium-deficiency rickets and postmenopausal women in whom there might be concern about osteoporosis and fractures [6]. Earthworms require these minerals for their day to day physiological activities. It may be because they have to burrow or swallow their way through hard packed soil. For in order to perform these various physiological bioactivities, the earthworm must maintain a constant firing (electrical potential) of the nerve and muscle cells and needed for this is the higher calcium and magnesium concentration. Calcium and magnesium have been shown to be involved in regulating nervous excitability and muscular contraction i.e. maintaining the electrical potential in nerve and muscle cells [18]. Nitrogen occurs in all organisms, primarily in amino acids (and thus proteins) and also in the nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). The human body contains about 3% by weight of nitrogen, the fourth most abundant element in the body after oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen [19]. Phosphorous works with calcium to develop and maintain strong bones, teeth and enhances use of other nutrients. It plays a key role in cell membrane integrity, intercellular communication and for proper energy processing in the body. Potassium is important in DNA and protein synthesis, Apart from this potassium is important in cell volume regulation [20]. Sodium in EWP of E. eugeniae was found to be 0.19 ppm. Sodium is the major cation of the extracellular fluid which in conjunction with potassium forms the Na+-K+ pump which effectively maintains Na+ as an impairment extracellular solute [21]. Paloetti et al. [6] reported that all of the earthworm (kuru and motto) preparations were excellent sources of iron, having iron contents that ranged from 1050  µg-1 in kuru’s meat to 2990  µg-1 in motto’s meat. They compared the iron contents of these two earthworm preparations with those of some other meats. This means that, assuming good bioavailability of the iron in the earthworms, they could be a useful food source to mitigate the risk of iron-deficiency anaemia. Selenium is essential component of teeth, key antioxidant enzyme and necessary for normal growth and development. It has a function in detoxification of heavy metals such as mercury and plays an important role in the production of antibodies by the immune system. Zinc is an important antioxidant, which records 0.5% in the present study. It plays an essential part of more than 200 enzymes involved in digestion, metabolism, immune response and wound healing. Copper is an essential element for the formation of normal red blood cell and connective tissue formation. It acts as a catalyst to store and release iron to help form haemoglobin and also contributes to central nervous system function. Sulfur is involved in the formation of structural protein, including muscles and hair. It also severs critical role in liver detoxification. Its important function is to act as an antioxidant nutrient and oxygen handling role in growth. Nickel is found in all animal tissues and the highest concentration was noticed in nucleic acids, particularly RNA, and is involved in protein structure or function. It may activate certain enzymes related to the breakdown or utilization of glucose [22]. Chromium helps in glucose metabolism and aids to regulate blood sugar by potentiating insulin and serving as a component of glucose tolerance factor. Molybdenum contributes to normal growth and development. It is a key component in many enzyme systems involved in detoxification. In conclusion, the minerals in earthworm powder obtained from E. eugenaie are capable of satisfying a significant fraction in daily requirements of minerals which plays a significant role in human nutrition without any adverse side effects. References Ogbulie JN, Uwazuoke JC, Ogieho SI. Introductory Microbiology Practical. Springfield Publishers Nigeria. 1998; 70-120. Ansari AA, Sitaram K. An investigation into antimicrobial and antifungal properties of earthworm powder obtained from Eisenia fetida. American Journal of Food Technology 2011;6(4): 329-335. Balamurugan M, Parthasarathi K, Ranganathan LS, Cooper EL. Hypothetical mode of action of earthworm extract with hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties. Journal of Zhejiang University- Science B 2008;9(2):141–147. Cooper EL. CAM eCAM, bioprospecting: The 21st century pyramid. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2005;2(2):125–127. Wallace AR. On the insects used for food in the Indians of the Amazon. R. Entomol. Soc. Lond. 1853;2:241–244. Wallace AR. A narrative of travels on the Amazon and Rio Negro. New York: Dover Publications Inc. 1889. Paoletti MG, Buscardo DJ, Vander Jagt A, Pastuszyn Pizzoferrato L, Huang YS, Chuang LTM, Millson H, Cerda Torres F, Glew RH. Proceedings: The Royal Society of Biological Sciences, London. 2011;249-257. Ranganathan LS. Vermibiotechnology – from soil health to human health. Agrobios. 2006. Cooper EL, Ru B, Weng N. Earthworms: sources of antimicrobial and anticancer molecules. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 2004;546: 359–389. Zhang M, Li X, Liu Y, Ye F, Qiu G. Effects of extract of Dilong (Pheretima) on the scalded skin in rats. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2006;26(1): 68–71. Cooper EL, Balamurugan M, Parthasarathi K, Ranganathan LS. Earthworm paste (Lampito mauritii, Kinberg) alters inflammatory, oxidative, haematological and serum biochemical indices of inflamed rat. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences 2007;11(2): 77– 90. Zhang ZX, Wang FF. Effects of crude extract of earthworm on promoting blood circulation to removing stasis. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 1992;12(12): 741–710. Alvarez S. The Magnesium: Importance of Minerals and Trace Minerals in Human Nutrition. 2002;Pp 22. Dedeke GA, Owa SO, Olurin KB. Amino acid profile of four earthworms species from Nigeria. Agric. Biol. J. N. Am 2010;1(2): 97-102. Jackson ML. Soil chemical analysis. Prentice hall. Indian private limited. India.1973;498-516. AOAC. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Official Methods of Analysis (20th Ed.) USA. 1995. Lindsay WL, Norvell WA. Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese, and copper. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J 1978;42: 421-428. Owa SO. Taxonomy and Distribution of Nigerian earthworms of the family Eudrilidae and their use as possible indicators of soil properties. Ph.D thesis Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife Nigeria. 1992. Ganong WF. A review of Medical Physiology (7th Ed). Prentice Hall New Jersey USA. 1995. Murray R, Harry K. Nitrogen Purfication: Pilot Plant Removal of Oxygen. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 1957;49(5): 869–873. Bray JJ, Cragg PA, Maknight ADC, Mills RG. Lecture notes on human physiology, Blackwell science Ltd, UK. 1999;542. Maier RJ, Stephane L, Benoit, Seshadri S. Nickel-binding and accessory proteins facilitating Ni-enzyme maturation in Helicobacter pylori. Biometals 2007;20(3-4): 655–664.